Once a diagnosis of gait and/or balance impairment has been made and the underlying cause identified, the physical therapist conducts a detailed assessment of gait, balance, and mobility levels and lower extremity joint function. This helps the therapist identify gait requirements and balance abnormalities.
Exercise is the treatment of choice for patients with balance and gait abnormalities. Usually, a precise exercise program incorporating balance, gait, strength training, endurance and flexibility training is designed and implemented.
For example, a physical therapist might teach gait training. The patient is encouraged to walk with the help of a walker or other assistive devices, which are gradually withdrawn as independence improves. Strengthening of the upper body, trunk, and pelvic region establishes the foundation for long-term safety. Biomechanical analysis of gait will ensure that gait deviations are minimized or removed. The physical therapist will pay attention to every minute detail of gait including, but not limited to, the correct striking of the heel on the floor while walking.
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Exercise is one part of fall prevention and treatment. An analysis of risk factors at home is a key aspect of long-term treatment. Also, a physical therapist can help seniors regain the confidence and motivation needed to be independent and mobile. A physical therapist will guide, inspire and empower every patient to achieve full mobility and function while helping overcome the fear of falling.
The risk of falling increases with age. A reduction in balance and an increase in reaction time increases the likelihood of falls. In most cases, there is an underlying factor or a risk factor that results in a fall. Reducing the number of risk factors and improving balance with regular exercise are key components of fall prevention.